I recall one study on pike minnow predation at Columbia dams. The conclusion was that while they ate lots of salmonids it could not be shown that they were eating healthy fish. The authors believed that much of th consumption was on stunned fish or fish otherwise incapacitated by passing through the dams.
IF this is true the pikeminnow in freeflowing/undammed streams aren't a problem. Further, are they eating fish that would recover and survive?
CM - Your question has plagued the pikeminnow program on the Columbia River for decades.
As you likely know, BPA spends thousands of ratepayer dollars on a bounty program for catching and removing adult pikeminnow from the Columbia River. The basis for that program is that pikeminnow eat lots of juvenile salmon as they are migrating downstream. There are lots of pics showing adult pikeminnow with their guts full of juvenile salmon. The presumption is that all those salmon smolts were healthy fish before they were eaten. And, if not for pikeminnow, those smolts would become adult salmon in 2-3 years.
It’s not hard to translate all those dead smolts to lost adults. As such, the conservation benefit of the pikeminnow program appears large, and obvious.
But what if adult pikeminnow are eating dead or injured smolts after they pass the dams? (as you suggest)
If that’s the case, the conservation benefit of the program goes to zero. Those smolts weren’t going to become adults. Ever. And, the pikeminnow program will have spent millions of dollars for no reason.
Is there any evidence to indicate whether pikeminnow are eating healthy smolts or dead fish?
I'm not aware of any direct evidence of either outcome. However, there is one small piece of circumstantial evidence to indicate they’re eating dead or dying smolts. Here it is: The anglers who specialize in catching adult pikeminnow indicate the most productive way of catching them is to use chicken livers for bait, on a single hook, on the bottom.
What does that tell you? It tells me that pikeminnow are scavenging on the bottom looking for food, and thus pick up the chicken livers. They may not be chasing live smolts that are passing by in the water column. As such, all those smolts in the guts of adult pikeminnow were already dead or injured before they were eaten. The bottom line is that the conservation benefit of the pikeminnow program may be something close to zero.
I will admit the evidence is weak. But that’s all we have. If there is other evidence to the contrary, I haven’t seen it.
Plus, nobody wants to know the right answer. Everyone wants to assume the program has terrific conservation benefits for salmon, and it must continue. The program provides lots of dollars to WDFW/ODFW and the pikeminnow anglers. Plus, BPA gets great publicity from the program.
But the salmon may not be benefitting at all. And neither are the ratepayers.