When we started we bought two packages of bees, I think they were the 3 pound package which is about 9,500 bees in each package, and that came with a caged queen in the box. The package of bees can be bought for $75.00-$95.00 from several sources. Of course many people go out and capture swarms but probably not a good way to start.
Then we bought 2 hive kits and we opted for some extras. I thnk the starter kits we bought were about $180.00 and that includes the wooden ware, frames, hat, and some tools. Anyone with some basic woodworking tools and a little time could throw the hives together. Once you have one kit and one set of tools you have all the Chinese blue prints you need to replicate the boxes. I also know of a site that has a lot of plans online. I have downloaded most of the plans and may build some hives as time permits.
Our kits were fun to put together and paint them.
So I would say you could have a working hive for about $300.00 or less if you build the hives yourself, which there is not a whole lot to the basic hive.
There is some new stuff for sale on Craigslist. Do not buy used equipment.
Bee clubs are a great way to get exposure and knowledge when getting started.
Here is a link of my gf's bee blog from our first year.
http://kimberlysbeebuzz.blogspot.com/Kinda tells you from a first year beekeepers point of view. Although it does need to be updated.
Rod