Rob
Over 30 years ago, in 1972, the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was passed by the U.S. Congress to protect the many mammals who live in the world's oceans. This legislation is the basis for policies preventing the harassment, capture, injury, or killing of all species of whales, dolphins, seals, and sea lions, as well as walruses, manatees, dugongs, sea otters, and polar bears. It had nothing to do with salmon or steelhead.
That law set up a management regime to reduce marine mammal mortalities and injuries in their interactions with fisheries (gear entanglement, etc.); regulates scientific research in the wild; it established basic requirements for public display of captive marine mammals; it addresses issues specific to the tuna fishery in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean where dolphins associate with tuna and are harassed, injured, and sometimes killed by fishing practices there; it createed a management regime for native subsistence hunting of marine mammals in Alaska; and regulates the import and export of marine mammals and their products. It did 0 (that's a big nothing) for salmon or steelhead.
They dropped the ball big time on how it would affect other species such as salmon and steelhead!!
No one even thought about what it was going to do to the Northwest salmon and steelhead runs because they were not even being considered at the time to becoming an endangered specie. That is where you are getting all screwed up at! We never had such lopsided numbers of seals vs fish before this law was put into effect. How can you possibly blame the "hatcheries" for the big increase in the seal populations?
The act of 1972 was the cause! So why try to put the blame on the hatchery fish?
The protection act was not only developed to protect seals, it was also directed at the protection and conservation of whales and dolphins (cetaceans) and pinnipeds other than the walrus. Walruses, manatees and dugongs (sirenians), sea otters, and polar bears are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), in the Department of the Interior.
They never even thought of what the ratifications of this act were to be to the salmon and steelhead runs of the NW.
Under the MMPA, NMFS is responsible for the management and conservation of whales and dolphins (cetaceans) and pinnipeds other than the walrus. Walruses, manatees and dugongs (sirenians), sea otters, and polar bears are under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), in the Department of the Interior.
The MMPA underwent some significant changes in its 1994 amendments, especially with respect to switching the emphasis for pinnipeds from protection to management. NMFS has proposed even greater changes for the next reauthorization.
You have to remember that the 1972 Marine Mammal Protection Act established a Federal responsibility to conserve marine mammals with management vested in the Department of Interior for sea otter, walrus, polar bear, dugong, and manatee. The Department of Commerce is responsible for cetaceans and pinnipeds, other than the walrus. . . not salmon or steelhead!
With certain specified exceptions, the Act establishes a moratorium on the taking and importation of marine mammals as well as products taken from them, and establishes procedures for waiving the moratorium and transferring management responsibility to the States. No one even was thinking about Salmon or steelhead at the time!
Commercial hunting of seals in the 18th and 19th century and in the early years of this century played a large role in pinniped population declines. Other factors involved have been coastal development and competition with man for prey species
Maybe Rob, you need to read;
http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/mmammals/pinnipeds/2001_application.pdf Rob, when you get done reading that one, please make sure you also read this one too;
http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/mmammals/pinnipeds/1995_EA.pdf Now maybe you will understand that these guys eat any fish that gets in front of them, and not just "hatchery fish". Wild fish are some of there most favorite meals!
Seals became endangered specie before salmon did, and they are now part of the problem.
Cowlitzfisherman