WN1A -
I'll attempt to address your questions -

Question #1 - sex ratio of the resident rainbows. While I don't have any "hard" infomration on the sex ratios (and haven't such information in the literature either) I can tell you that I see both males and females.

My sense is that until recently the vast majority of the resident fish I saw were males. However with the decline in the anadromous form and increase in the resident form I would expect to see inceasing numbers of females and limited observations are that is indeed happening. I would be interested in other folks observations.

Part of that equation is the relative fecundity of the resident fish. With the males it really doesn't matter whether the fish is a resident or an anadromous fish: both are capable of doing the "job". A true case where size is not all that important! However with the females there is an obvious advantage to being an anadromous fish. I would say typically the for first time spawners an anadromous female would have 5 to 10 times as many eggs as the resident fish. If the resident fish are allowed to live they do have higher repeat spawning rates.

While we are talking about sex ratios I think it is important to noted that folks have long seen resident males spawning with anadromous females yet virtual none of the wild steelhead brood stock programs include resident fish as part of the broodstock. A key point in the success of the well inregrated will broodstock is that the fish used as brood are representative of the wild populations. By definition any wild broodstock program that fails to include at least some wild resident fish is not a well integrated program.

I'll address Question # 2 in another post.

Tight lines
Curt